ABSTRACT
Introduction: One of environmentally friendly method for controlling plant diseases is the use of Trichoderma spp. as a natural controlling agent. Objectives: The objective of this research was to find out the effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. against downy mildew disease. Methodology: This research was conducted in the Plant Pest and Disease Laboratory in the Plant Protection Department of Faculty of Agriculture in Lampung University. This research used completely randomized design consisting without treatment (0), Trichoderma spp. Gading Rejo Region (GDR) isolate (1) Trichoderma spp. Nusantara Tropical Farm (NTF) isolate (2), and Trichoderma spp. Trimurjo (TRJ) isolate (3) treatments which were applied to the plant growing points as fungicide (B) and as inducer of plant resistance to be applied in the plant roots (P). Results: The research results showed that the Trichoderma spp. treatments could reduce the disease occurrence at 4 and 5 days after inoculation, but they could not reduce the disease severity and improve stover dry weight of corn plant. Conclusion: The Trichoderma spp. Treatment as biofungicide and plant resistance inducer are effective against the incubation period and suppress the disease occurrence of downy mildew disease significantly at the early course of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Lawsonia inermis L. leaves has been used to healing wound and antibacterial caused of active content like essential oils, steroids, triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids and tannins. Lawsonia inermis L. leaves methanol extract showed effective against S. sanguinis with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) at 31.250 µg/mL and no toxic as tested in mice and human gingival fibroblasts. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of L. inermis L. leaves methanol extracts to heal gingivitis in Sprague dawley rats. Forty subjects were divided into group A (n=30) and B (n=10). A group created artificial inflammation in the mandibular labial gingiva with 10% H2O2. Group A was divided into 3 groups of treatment, positive, and negative control groups. Treatment groups were given Lawsonia inermis L. leaves methanol extract in 3 concentrations (62.500, 31.250, and 15.625 μg/mL). Positive and negative control groups were given povidone Iodine 1% and aquabidest respectively. Group B as an healthy rats group was divided into 15.625 μg/mL concentration and aquabidest groups. Histopathological changes were observed on day 3 by the condition of gingival epithelium, epithelial connective tissue relationships, and the distribution of inflammatory cells. Statistic analysis showed no difference in healing between the three concentrations of Lawsonia inermis L. leaves methanol extract and povidone iodine (α=0.694>0.05) while there were differences among the 3 concentrations. Higher concentration (62.500 µg/mL) can accelerate the inflammatory cells reduction and epithelial connective tissue relationships repair. It was concluded that Lawsonia inermis L. leaves methanol extract can heal gingivitis at concentration up to 62.500 µg/mL.
ABSTRACT
Aims: To find out the scientific base of the traditional plant Myrmecodia pendans as a new natural source for herbal remedies in aspect of its therapeutic compounds and cytotoxic effect on normal cells. Study Design: Experimental laboratory, in vitro study. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratorium Bio Core Faculty of Dentistry Trisakti University, Jakarta, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat (BALITRO), Bogor and Pusat Studi Satwa Primata, Bogor, between March to August 2014. Methodology: Several extraction methods of Myrmecodia pendans using maceration technique was done to evaluate their phytochemical contents and cytotoxic effects using (3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tetrazolium (MTT) assay method. Results: The phytochemical test of both ethanol 70% extract and boiling water extraction produce active phenolic compounds, especially those of flavonoids. There is no cytotoxic effect of the ethanol 70% dried extract on fibroblast cells by MTT assay method. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test showed significant differences of % inhibition cells growth effect between M. pendans extracts and control group (p=0.00<0.05). Tukey’ high significant difference (HSD) test showed significant differences of % inhibition cells growth effect between each concentrations of 500; 250; 100; 50; 25; 12,5; 6,25; 3,125; 1,56 to 1.000 ppm and also between 1.000 ppm to control (p=0.00<0.05). Conclusion: Myrmecodia pendans can be used as herbal remedies and moreover, the water boiling extraction can be employed as a simple manner for community herbal medicine without any toxic effect on cells.
ABSTRACT
This epidemiological survey was conducted to find features of degenerative diseases associated with loss of teeth in the elderly. One hundred sixty-seven elderly (> or = 60 years old) people from local government health centers in East Jakarta, Indonesia were included in the study. The degenerative diseases (DM, hypertension, heart disease) were determined by physical examination, laboratory testing and questionnaires. Tooth loss was measured by the DMF-T (decay, missing, filling teeth) index. Oral hygiene condition was based on OHI-S (oral hygiene index simplified) index. The most common degenerative disease was hypertension (45.5%). DM was found a few (3.6%). Approximately 55% of respondents had moderate oral hygiene problems. The demand for professional dental care was low. There was no significant association between degenerative diseases and the loss of teeth. In conclusion, the loss of teeth was not associated with degenerative diseases, but may have been influenced by local factors such as a low demand for dental hygiene.